In the dance studio

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Today, I took photos in a children’s dance school, not as part of a pro photo shoot, but being a spectator in a class. I did not use any flashes – just a 70-200mm f/2.8L IS lens on a Canon EOS-1D X body. I shot at f/2.8 and auto ISO, varying the shutter speed between 1/200 sec and 1/800 sec, depending on how fast the children (3-5 year old girls) moved.

It turned out that motion blur was not the problem (the girls were not vary fast at that age), but the flickering fluorescent light caused all sorts of weird colour casts. The light tubes were not only quite dim – they flickered between pinkish and greenish colours. To make matters worse, different light tubes in the studio flickered with different phase relative to each other, so in some of my images, part of the frame had pink cast and another part – green.

Normally, I would correct the colour in post-processing, aiming to create realistic skin tone. However, with colour gradients across the frame, often the only option was to convert the photo to black-and-white. Still, today’s shoot was the case where being spontaneous and unobtrusive mattered more than creating high-quality lighting conditions.

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Photographing water droplets: setup plan

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I am planning a research project that will focus on close-up photography of liquid drops and splashes. So far, I have no photos of my own to illustrate this post, but here is the equipment list for the setup that will be developed in the Fluids Lab:

  • Camera. I will use a Canon 5D Mark II or 5D Mark III, since it has higher resolution than a Canon EOS-1D X. The higher framing rate of the 1D X offer no advantage in this case, since the motion will be frozen by the flashes.
  • Lens. I will start with a Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM Lens, but a Canon EF 180mm f3.5L Macro might be a better option for shooting from greater distance.
  • Shallow water tank (tray). I plan to ask the students to build a shallow water tank that would be quite long, so we could shoot along its length and avoid getting the front and back edges into the frame.
  • Studio flashes. Three Paul C. Buff’s “Einstein” lights will be triggered by dedicated radio triggers. Two of them will be positioned on the sides of the tank, and the third one will be placed behind a semi-transparent background.
  • Intervalometer. I will use a trigger for the camera and the valves that will release the drops. There are several options, including a Time Machine/Drip kit.

I am looking forward to this project (should it be called a still life, even though the droplets would be in motion?) and hope to post the updates with our first droplet images soon.

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At the theatre

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Last Sunday, we took our three-years-old daughter to see her first ballet performance – the Nutcracker. She is really into ballet (to my continuing surprise), and she was looking forward to the show for the last week. I thought that the expectation might be too high, but she really enjoyed the whole theatre-going experience and the show itself, even though she was a bit disappointed that Cinderella was not it it.

I wanted to take a few shots of my daughter at the theatre for our family albums (in a virtual sense – perhaps, actual paper albums would not even exist when she grows up). I knew that an iPhone would not do it, as it is quite dark in the theatre. Fortunately, since we have a young child, we always carry a shoulder bag with some snacks, change of clothes, etc., so I put my Canon EOS-1D X with a 35mm f/1.4L USM lens in it too. I wrote earlier that this is a great camera-lens combination for low-light photography. The 35 mm focal length was also sufficiently wide for taking photos from a very close distance, such as sitting right next to a person.

Having seats next to an aisle was very convenient, as I could back away into the aisle to take a wider shot without disturbing others. Naturally, we only took photos before the performance and during the intermission, as we walked through the hallways, but that was all we really wanted.

The colour of the lighting in the theatre was not flattering for portraits, to say the least. In some shots, the shadows ended up with a purple cast, while the highlights were green – nearly impossible to get a realistic skin tone. In this case, I converted the photos to black and white, which also helped with the noise.

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Family portraits: best lens for shooting in natural light

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When my daughter decided to help baking pancakes on a Saturday morning, I could not resist taking a few snapshots of the process. Something in the very fact of her wanting to help to the best of her ability as a three-year-old (even if it actually creates more work at this age) resonates deeply with me, and I always want to capture the moment and the feeling.

I happened to have a borrowed Canon EF 85mm f1.2L II USM lens that day, so I used it to shoot the portraits of my daughter and wife in our kitchen using natural light from a skylight located directly above them. I shot wide open, at f/1.2, which gives such a shallow depth of field, that the typical kitchen clutter in the background is not very distracting. The wide aperture also lets in a lot of light, which allows the ISO (and therefore, noise) remain relatively low.

The inherent challenge of shooting at f/1.2 is getting acceptable sharpness for both people in the shot. The depth of field is so shallow that if I focus on the closest eye of one person, for example, even other parts of the face of the same person are out of focus, not to mention the other subject(s). As my daughter was busy stirring the batter, I asked my wife to try to move as closely as possible to her and then positioned the camera so that both their faces would be approximately the same distance from it.

Despite being tricky to work with, I think the 85mm f1.2L is the best lens for natural light portraits. It is a bit difficult to define what makes this lens so remarkable, but I think it is the combination of sharpness, bokeh and low noise that makes the images taken with it stand out.

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Photo sizes for the web

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I use different settings for Facebook, 500px, Flickr and my website when I export photos from Lightroom.

Facebook resizes photos, unless they are already of one of the pre-defines sizes:

Regular photos 720 px, 960 px, 2048 px
Cover photos 851 px by 315 px

I usually export photos for Facebook  and my own website at 1000 pixels along the long side and use standard screen sharpening. I don’t worry about resizing. Here is a sports photo page that Armando and I use to send updates on our photo shoots, and the photos there are saved with these settings: APshutter.com.

For Flickr and 500px, I upload full resolution photos, which serves as an additional backup. I find that both sites do good job in terms of resizing and displaying the photos.

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Customizing camera settings

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Modern professional DSLRs can be customized in nearly every aspect of their operation. My Canon EOS-1D X, for example, has a myriad of settings related just to the operation of the autofocus, from relative priority of achieving focus vs releasing the shutter to tracking sensitivity for moving objects, based on their acceleration.

While it is fun to play with the settings, I find, in practice, that knowing which settings are most critical for particular types of shots and learning how to change them quickly during a photo shoot is sufficient. In fact, it is simply not practical to fumble through all possible variations of settings in order to potentially find the optimal combination. Most likely, doing so will result in missing a shot.

I find that it is useful to become familiar with just a few camera configurations and to learn (through experimentation) which ones do not work for a particular situation. Having said this, I try to re-visit the manual periodically and to make sure that I am fully utilizing the capabilities of the camera.

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On using a monopod

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A monopod is not a substitute for a tripod for long exposure shots. It enables only slightly slower shutter speeds than what can be managed by hand-holding the camera. However, there are certain situations where using a monopod is very convenient.

The main advantage of a monopod over a tripod is its smaller footprint, so it can be used in crowded places, such as at sporting events. Sport photography often requires a long telephoto lens (I usually shoot soccer or rugby with a Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS USM and of course, there is Nikon counterpart: Nikon 300mm f/2.8G AF-S ED VR II). It is important to support a long lens not only to avoid fatigue (these lenses are heavy!), but also to reduce camera shake. At many venues, tripods are not allowed, as they take too much space, but monopods can be used. Sometimes, a monopod can be used as a makeshift stationary camera support in very tight spaces, when it is clamped to some heavy object. I have used it in this way in a research laboratory and also at a sporting arena where tripods were not allowed (by clamping the monopod to advertisement panels that surrounded the pitch).

It is also easier to move around with a monopod, even without folding it, to follow the subject.

There are two options for attaching the monopod to the lens (or camera): using a head or using a lens collar. I tried both methods and found that using a collar is more convenient. In the photo above, Armando has his 500mm f/4L lens attached to a gimbal head. When using a head, it should not be tightened too much, so that the camera can be be turned quickly. An alternative is to attach the lens hood directly to the monopod and tilt the entire system slightly to adjust framing. Since long telephoto lenses have a narrow field of view, small inclinations of the camera result in large changes in the framing. The collar should be kept relatively loose, to be able to quickly change from horizontal to vertical camera orientation. Most telephoto lenses have collars, so monopods are usually sold without a head.

When shooting, I find it convenient to angle the monopod and keep its lover end pressed against my foot. This prevents it from slipping on hard or slippery surfaces.

Genrally, I find a monopod quite useful for sports photography, but I would reach for it only if using a tripod is not allowed, impossible or too cumbersome.

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Shooting position for rugby: following the action

More photos here: http://ow.ly/F89kW

When shooting rugby or soccer, sometimes I stay behind a goal line instead of following the action along the sideline. Besides laziness, there is actually a couple of legitimately good reasons for doing so. The action of these sports looks good from the goal line position – the players face the camera as they run towards the goal. Being stationary also allows me to find a comfortable, low-angle position to shoot from.

On the other hand, following the action along a sideline (when it is allowed, which is not the case at MLS soccer games, for example) provides more opportunities to shoot close-ups of the players and also offers more variety of the action.

This past Saturday was unusually cold for Victoria. In fact, it snowed the night before. Although I dressed for the weather for our university’s rugby game, moving around instead of sitting in one place seemed like a good idea. I wrote before that I usually carry my Canon EOS-1D X with a 300mm f/2.8L IS USM lens on a Black Rapid Y-strap, but this time, I attached the lens to a monopod, which was extended to a height that allowed me to shoot from a standing position. Normally, a lower shooting position, such as standing on one knee, is preferable for sports, but I was willing to sacrifice it for extra mobility (no need to fiddle with the monopod – just set it on the ground, point and shoot). I attached the lens collar directly to the monopod, without a ball head. To frame the shots, I simply tilted the entire monopod. I kept the collar loosely closed around the lens, which allows me to quickly rotate the camera to a vertical shot position.

My associate Armando was shooting the same game from the goal-line, low position using a Canon EF 500mm f/4L IS USM lens on a Canon EOS 7D Mark II body. With the crop sensor, this combination gave him a very long effective focal lens, allowing to shoot closeups of the action from the opposite side of the pitch. Also, low camera position was excellent for capturing the flying pieces of mud being kicked up by the players.

Between our two shooting positions and different focal lengths used, we captured a good variety of shots from the game.

More photos here: http://ow.ly/F89kW

Basketball photography: autofocus speed

More photos here: http://ow.ly/F5FN8

The main drawback of using the Canon EF 85mm f1.2L II USM lens for shooting indoor basketball is that this lens focusses rather slowly. As I wrote in another post, the Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM lens, on the other hand, is lightning fast, especially when paired with a built-for-sports DSLR, like a Canon EOS-1D X.

At the yesterday’s game of our university’s team, my associate Armando had an opportunity to directly compare the autofocus speeds of the 1D X and his recently-acquired Canon EOS 7D Mark II. He tried both cameras with a 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM lens, and his impression was that the 7D Mark II was slightly slower of the two. We had a hypothesis of why that might be the case: it is possible that this apparent lag in response is due to a lower battery voltage of the 7D Mark II. The massive battery of the 1D X probably drives the motor, which turns the optical elements of the lens, slightly faster.

When shooting a game like basketball, the autofocus speed is critical for being able to follow the rapidly accelerated players. Having said this, yesterday, I still used the 85mm f1.2L II USM lens because of its incredibly shallow depth of field.

Note: The most important of all camera settings to check before starting an action photo shoot is the autofocus mode. It should be set to AI SERVO, which makes the camera to continue tracking the subject if it moves after the focus has been acquired. In contrast, the ONE SHOT mode, while giving more accurate focus on motionless subjects, does not allow continuous tracking of a moving subject.

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How much processing is enough

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When doing artistic image processing, knowing when to stop is important. In a non-digital world, for example, when painting, continuing to paint beyond a certain point could actually ruin the picture. The colours would become dirty and lose vibrance. With a digital image, there is always a possibility to undo the last action, so as long as the versions are saved regularly, there is no danger of losing all the work. However, there is certainly a point of diminishing returns, when doing a lot of work results in progressively less and less noticeable changes in the image.

I find that some image adjustments are almost always worth doing. They are cropping, colour balance and exposure adjustments. Playing with them does take some time, but the results are significant and there is a good chance of drastically improving an image by playing with these tools.

On the other hand, more detailed work, such as local dodging and burning, using a Liquify tool in Photoshop, skin smoothing in portraits, etc. is not always necessary. Of course, the more work you put in the image, the better it ultimately becomes, but the return on the time investment decreases. There is one counter-argument to this, though, which is quite significant to me. When I spend time working on an image, I am not only investing time in improving it, but also in learning new skills and techniques. In the long run, this makes me more efficient overall. I learn which methods work or don’t work for certain types of images. I also learn to apply various methods faster.

Generally, whether an image is over-processed or not is a very subjective question. I believe that in order to make a photo unique, I have to touch most of its pixels with a brush (I use a Wacom graphics tablet) at some point in the editing process. Having said this, time is a very precious resource, and while I am doing fine tweaks, which might not be noticed by anyone, except myself, I am not doing something else, for example, shooting more photos or learning new techniques. In my experience, the “optimal” stopping point in post-processing is actually not a true optimum, in the optimization theory sense of the word. Rather, it is a bit of a moving target. Finding the balance between under- and over-processed image is like riding a bicycle: sometimes, I lean more one way, sometimes – the other. The important thing is doing it consistently and avoiding extremes.

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