Trusting the technique

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In kendo and other Japanese martial arts, the concept of technique (waza) is important beyond being a mere skill for overcoming the opponent. In practicing budo, the martial way, there is a notion of faith in the technique. That is, we can concentrate on perfecting the skill instead of focussing on the end result.

I believe this concept translates to other disciplines. It is certainly applicable in visual arts. In fact, the final image (a photograph, a painting, etc.) is often different from what I had imagined before starting working on it. To me, this is one of the most appealing features of the creative process.

In scientific research also, we don’t know the end result (this is the nature of research), but we trust that the process developed by the generations of earlier researchers, combined with our own experience and skills, would lead to a productive outcome (i.e. improved understanding of the physical phenomenon.)

The issue of valuing productivity over presence, which many authors and philosophers discussed over the years, is also related to the lack of trust in the established system, the process of developing one’s skills. This leads to the current popularity of “life hacks“, looking for shortcuts to overcome inertia and inefficiency of the conventional ways of doing things. Eastern martial arts are in the unique position in this respect. Their systems of training, which are deeply rooted in philosophy, have been polished over many generations of practitioners. Knowing that countless numbers of them paid the huge price (sometimes, their lives) for evolving the system to the current level, makes trusting the process easier.

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Swimming

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Two days of covering a national swimming championship made for a very long photography weekend. Even though it was one of high-volume photoshoots, which I typically enjoy less than more relaxed personal projects, I was able to experiment with various types of shots and settings.

What I did not have a chance to try, due to the pressure to deliver images for press releases, is shooting with super slow shutter speeds to produce motion blur. Typically, I try to freeze the motion, which pretty much guarantees some interesting shots, since the spectators cannon see this level of detail in the swimmers’ facial expressions with the naked eye (or even with telephoto lenses) from the stands. A shutter speed as slow as 1/500 sec can freeze the motion of the swimmers, but capturing the sharp images of the water droplets requires am minimum of 1/800 sec (with a 300mm f/2.8L IS USM lens.) Capturing the start of the race, when the athletes jump into the pool, requires even shorter exposure times (as short as 1/1600 sec with a 70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM lens at 70 mm.)

Another variation from my typical camera presets was in the autofocus tracking settings on my Canon EOS-1D X. Instead of the “soccer mode”, I  experimented with the “tennis mode”, which ignores the objects that appear between the lens and the subject during tracking. This mode helped with keeping the focus on the athletes’ faces behind the splashes, which tend to confuse the autofocus.

More photos here: http://ow.ly/JmLqn

Focus and exposure

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In my experience, apparent sharpness of a photograph depends not only on the quality of the lens and precise focussing, but also on correct exposure. This issue came up recently in an email exchange with a photographer friend, who shot the same kendo tournament as I did, using an identical camera (Canon EOS-1D X.) We captured some images that were nearly identical, but noticed that the sharpness appeared to be different, depending on the exposure level. The darker, under-exposed image looked softer than the one that was exposed correctly.

There are several factors that contribute to apparent sharpness. Of course, obtaining correct focus is of primary importance. Camera shake and motion blur (due to slow stutter speed) also result in loss of detail. If the image is under-exposed, the details are lost because of the low contrast, not because of the missed focus.

When photographing indoor sports, achieving correct exposure while maintaining fast stutter speeds that are necessary for freezing the motion requires a combination of “fast” lenses (ones with large maximum apertures) and high ISO settings. The drawback of using high ISO is that it increases noise in the photo, which also leads to loss of detail. However, I generally find that noisy, but correctly exposed, images look sharper than under-exposed ones even if the actual amount of detail is the same.

It should be noted that both the exposure and noise can be corrected n post-processing, to some degree. Having this ability to adjust images post-factum is the main argument for shooting in RAW format. Having said this, I find myself shooting JPEGs more and more often, particularly if the lighting conditions do not change (which is true in the case of indoor sports), and I am confident that I can obtain a “good enough” exposure during shooting (checking the histogram on the LCD screen periodically throughout the shoot is still a good idea).

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On hacking

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Recently, I have come across many discussion of hacking a certain process or system – achieving significant results in unconventional, often more efficient, ways. One of the observations about the hacker mentality that I particularly like is that “innovation” means not accepting the current norm. I like it because it seems that in the academic community, the term innovation is currently over-used, often without a clear idea of what it actually means.

The hacker approaches to problems, such as learning new skills, are often based on the Pareto principle, often referred to the 80/20 rule, which has been discussed by many authors (e.g. Tim Ferriss in his hugely popular “The 4-Hour Workweek“). The idea is that 20% of work produces 80% of the results, so in principle, one can become fairly proficient, or al least well above average, in a certain activity (e.g. speaking a foreign language, painting, taking photos, playing a musical instrument, etc.) in a relatively short amount of time.

The idea of hacking the life-long learning is appealing, but I cannot help but think that something is missing if the “hacker mentality” is taken at face value. I just saw a documentary about top sushi chefs in Japan called “Jiro Dreams of Sushi,” and I think there is no shortcut to the level of excellence comparable to that, which requires an apprentice chef to work on less important tasks for ten years before he is allowed to cook rice. It seems that the 99-th percentile is infinitely far from the Pareto’s 80-th, and the price for this part of the journey is very high, but perhaps, you do get what you pay for.

Craft

Flow

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Consistency and routine are important for developing various skills, from photography to martial arts to research and teaching. However, I think that without some sense of excitement and the resulting enthusiasm, consistency alone is not effective. In fact, what is ultimately effective and satisfying is the state of “flow”, when self-censoring mode of thinking is turned off and we can “get out of our own way”, so to speak. This condition has a lot in common with the elusive state of “no mind” (mushin) that martial artists are striving to attain.

I have recently came across a reference to a book by Steven Kotler called “The Rise of Superman,” which discusses the role of flow states in human performance. It is interesting that the sense of excitement is an important component of flow. When we do something that we like, something that we closely relate to, we feel as if we are doing the activity (taking photos, painting a picture, training in kendo, reading a research paper, teaching a class, etc.) for the first time. When this feeling is combined with the expertise developed through years of consistent practice, the resulting confidence allows us to trust the flow and to stop continuously cheating and editing our actions – to step out of our own way.

To me personally, the flow states are just glimpses of what is ultimately possible – they are not easy to either achieve or sustain. However, these moments are precious and powerful enough to help me maintain motivation and consistency in what I do.

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Contre-jour

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Shooting with the lens pointed into the light source (contre-jour), which produces backlighting of the subject is very effective when the light source is the bright sun. Contre-jour is an alternative to front lighting, which can be extremely contrasty (image above).

Today, during and afternoon soccer game, the bright sun produced a huge dynamic range, which was way beyond the capabilities of a DSLR. To experiment with different lighting, I shot half of the game with frontal lighting and the second half – with backlighting (image below). As expected, the latter images were generally more interesting. I particularly like the edge lighting effect, which is mostly noticeable along the hairlines of the players. By the way, a side note for image conscious soccer players – the photographic appeal of an action portrait is directly proportional to the length of the hairdo.

Shooting against the sun doesn’t solve the problem of the large dynamic range, it just distributes the light (or rather the shadow) uniformly across the subject. The contrast is reduced dramatically, but can be partially recovered in post-processing. Lack of contrast also makes the focus more difficult to achieve; I missed more shots due to autofocus failure than I expected. Overall, my preference for shooting sports in bright sunlight would still be centre-jour, even just for the aesthetics of the edge light.

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Action photography: zooming in

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One of the most interesting aspects of sports photography is the ability to show the action up close. I think this is the reason the photos taken with long telephoto lenses generally produce most appealing shots. I wrote earlier about my favourite lenses for shooting indoor basketball. Recently, I have been preferring longer lenses, because they provide a point of view that a spectator cannot replicate from the bleachers. This gives the photos instant “interestingness.”

For tomorrow’s kendo tournament, I am going to shoot mostly with the Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM lens lens and will try to zoom in as close as possible on the players, even if that would mean cropping out parts of their body. Because of my interest in kendo techniques, I of then try to capture the elements of footwork, body position, etc., which add nothing to the artistic aspects of the photos. Tomorrow, my plan is to shoot less images than I usually do, but when shooting, focussing on the art (photography) rather than the martial art.

More photos on Flickr: http://ow.ly/xvxoDComplete set: http://ow.ly/xvxro

Inflection point

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When practicing a skill, at some point, an effect that is opposite to diminishing returns starts to show. The new skill begins to benefit other aspects of activity, even those that are seemingly unrelated to the original practice.

In photography, an example of this would be building a portfolio that attracts new work, which in turn enhances the portfolio even further. In other areas, examples of reaching the inflection point include learning the basics of a foreign language, which enables one to read books, connect with people, etc., or reaching a certain level of physical fitness, which enables a whole new range of activities: sports, work, travel, etc.. Malcolm Gladwell described a similar phenomenon of viral spread of ideas in his book “The Tipping Point.”

There is an interesting analogy between reaching the critical level of mastery of a skill and physical phenomena in fluid mechanics, which I teach to students. Particularly, separation of a boundary layer under the influence of an adverse pressure gradient happens after an inflection point (in a mathematical sense) in the local velocity profile occurs.

Just like in nature, though, predicting when the inflection occurs (in the case of skill development, how much practice is required before exponential changes start to happen) is most difficult. When we are just starting, the only comfort we can take is that the critical transition will happen for sure – this seems to be the law of nature.

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Dance performance: searching for a new style

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Taking advance of the fact that there is neither a set deliverable (minimum set of images) nor a firm deadline for the recently completed photo shoot of a dance performance, I have been experimenting with new post-processing techniques. Narrowing down the initial set of more than 2000 raw images to just a handful, I was able to spend some time playing with some brush stroke effects in Photoshop. I find that allowing sufficient time to experiment with (i.e. try and discard) new techniques is the key to being able to break from my usual workflow and ultimately, to find a new look of the final images.

The inspiration for doing these experiments came partially from listening to an interview with Chase Jarvis, who talked about the importance of striving to be different, not just better, at photography as an art. This doesn’t mean to be different just for the sake of it or pursuing attention for the sake of attention. Instead, Jarvis talked about exploring the limits of combining the elements of other artists’ work (he referred to the work of Andy Warhol as an example).

Dance performance is a perfect subject for this kind of exercise, because photographing it is literally taking pictures of art, which is, literally, creating art out of art.

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Travel itineraries

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Planning is an important stage of travel. Even though spontaneity during the trip itself is crucial for being able to unplug from the daily home routine, thoughtful planning (even if it is done in broad strokes) can make a difference between an enjoyable and a stressful experience on the road. Currently, getting into the specifics of the future summer trip to Europe begins to give it a sense of reality through anticipation.

My wife and I often combine photography-focussed trips with family vacations. Having a small child substantially changed the dynamics, so the style of the photos have adapted as well. We used to like what Rick Steves refers to  as “whirlwind tours” of a country, where we would travel by car to a new location every day or two. Now, with our daughter, our preference shifted to a one or two home bases, from which we would do day trips to explore the sites.

The latter type of itinerary also better suites my current style of travel photography. I like to focus more on people than on the sites themselves, and having more time in a same location allows me to study the local dynamics a bit deeper, to look at the place through the eyes of a local person. Even just a few days in a city or a town, allows me to makes the vicinity of the home base “my own.” It is the sense of personal preferences (things that I like and don’t like about the place) and forming micro-routines (e.g. finding the best local bakery and a market) that enable this sense of familiarity with the new place to develop.

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